Biotechnology is a powerful tool that can be utilized in crop improvement. It can broaden the gene pool by increasing genetic variability, improve selection efficiency and rapidly multiply elite germplasm. Its application in plant breeding can be tremendous, from micropropagation to genetic engineering. As a research institute, the IPB has been utilizing biotechnology in its effort to effectively carry out its mandate to produce new and improved varieties of agricultural crops. The current biotechnology-related research activities and progress made at IPB on germplasm evaluation and conservation, marker-assisted selection, assessment of genetic diversity of crops and pathogens, and genetic engineering shall be discussed. Priority biotechnology research that shall be implemented soon, as well as future research activities shall also be presented. As a guiding principle, IPB regards biotechnology as a tool in crop improvement. It will not replace conventional plant breeding but it can augment current efforts to improve selection efficiency and solve problems that are otherwise difficult to overcome using conventional methods. A strong scientific and multidisciplinary base and enabling policy environment are necessary for the successful application of biotechnology in crop improvement. Biosafety and intellectual property rights are issues that need to be addressed.