To many poor households in Southeast Asia, fishing through ages has been a major source of income. Fishing, fish culture, and allied activities are part of a wide range of livelihood strategies of the rural poor, who try to cope with shocks and seasonality. For instance, in Cambodia, fishing is a common activity among farmers and other rural households in the central floodplains. This paper discusses the salient policy issues regarding poverty and sustainable fisheries , and identifies a priority research agenda.