Author : Navarra, Cora L.F.

Summary : The Philippine native pig (Sus scrofa L.) was characterized based on phenotype, karyotype and protien profile using the native pig herd at the Institute of Animal Science Farm, University of the Philippines Los Ba¤os on January 1992-September 1993. Documentation of the phenotype of 19 male and 21 female native pigs kept in confinent and fed with standard ration showed that black was the predominant coat color pattern (85 percent), varying from pure black (40 percent), or with white spots on the face, hocks and tail (32.5 percent), or white underline (10 percent). Rust-brown (7.5 percent) and light brown with black spots (10 percent) were also observed. Majority (65.5 percent) had concave back and sagging belly; all had ears. Body weight (BW) increased with age, from 4.62 kg (12 wk old) to 36.83 kg (32 wk old); females were heavier than males at 26-32 wk. Average daily gain (ADG) was lowest at 30-32 wk old (.18 kg), highest at 18-20 wk old (.27 kg); females 26-30 wk of age had higher ADG. At 32 wk of age, cumulative feed consumption was 111.33 kg; average daily feed consumption was 0.73 kg; over-all feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 3.34 kg. Body length and heartgirth consistently increased with age, (21.54-32.3 in and 21.16-31.34 in, respectively) but tapered off from 28 wk onwards at which age females had longer body and bigger heartgirth. Backfat becake thicker with increasing LW: 2.29 cm at 31.75 kg LW; 2.39 cm at 39.91 kg LW. At a slaughter weight of 49.75 kg, dressing percentage (hot carcass) was 62.14 percent; carcass length was 57.85 in; loin eye area, 14.59 cm2; backfat was 2.56 cm. Among wholesale cuts, trimmed loin comprised 19.16 percent of entire carcass yield; trimmed ham, 18.92 percent. Meat had traces to slight marbling, slightly soft to average fat firmness, slightly soft lean, slightly pinkish to grayish pink color. Cultured leucocytes of 10 male and 10 female native pigs showed a total genomic compelement of 2n = 38 [(18II + XX (9) or XY (0)]. Autosome pairs were grouped into five submetacentric, two subtelocentric, five metacentric and six tolecentric. The X-chromosome is meta-submetacentric while the Y-chromosome, smallest in the complement, is metacentric. G-banding technique revealed that bands in the native pig chromosomes agreed with those of domestic pigs. Starch-gel electrophoresis using blood serum from 100 native pigs showed that Tf and Akp loci were polymorphic while Alb and Es-1 were monomorphic. At the Tf locus, four bands were observed, inferred to be genes A, B, C at frequencies .295, .465, .240, respectively. Genotypes Tf (superscript AA), Tf (superscript BB), Tf (superscript CC at frequencies .09, .23, .20, .21 and .27, respectively were observed. Homozygous genotypes had two bands, heterozygotes had three. At the Akp locus, three banding patterns of presumptive genotypes Akp (superscript AA), Akp (superscript AB) and Akp (superscript BB) at frequencies .45, .19, and .36, respectively were observed. Homozygous Akp had one band; heterozygotes had two. Based on the four loci studies, average heterozygogosity was 22 percent. Inference was not made, however, because it can only be valid if the number of loci evaluated is 20 or more. At the Tf locus, test population shared the highest percentage of the most common allele with the native pig population of Occ. Mindoro (I= .959) and Quezon province (I = .957); the least percentage with that of Marinduque (I = .7997).