Author : Raden Rara Devita Anggraeni

Summary : This study assessed the effects of endocrine disruptors administered in feed on reproductive and physiologic performance of female Philippine Mallard after sexual maturity. Laying ducks at 33 to 47 weeks of age (n=140) were randomly alloted into seven treatments composed of combinations of cadmium (Cd) and organochlorine pesticide (OCP) in 3x2 factorial design and of estradiol in a single factor experiment in Complete Randomized Design (CDR), in different concentrations and stages of laying period. Hematological values, hepatosomatic index (HSI), gonadosomatic index (GSI) and oviductosomatic index (OVI) were measured, while vitellogenin profiles and histological structures were analyzed. The result of this study showed that OCP significantly increased WBC, monocyte and HSI (P<0.05), while WBC was significantly decreased. (P<0.05). Combination of Cd and OCP significantly increased heterophil and OVI (P<0.05) but this combination significantly decreased PCV and monotype (P<0.05). Prolonged exposure to Cd and OCP significantly increased PCV, RBC ad heterophil (P<0.05), but Hb, eosinophil and lymphocyte were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Histological structures of liver showed swelling of hepatocytes, focal mononuclear inflirtation, necrosis, hemorrhage and vocuolar degeneration. There were some abnormalities observed in the ovary, such as atretic follicles, mononuclear cells, inflirtation, deformed follicles, hemmorhage and fibrosis. While in the oviduct, hemmorhagw was also observed. Vitellogenin profiles analysis using electrophoresis showed that vitellogenin was present in the liver and plasma of sexually mature female mallard duck with varying intensities. Based on the overal results, CD and OCP acted as endocrine disruptors as shown by hematologic and pathological changes in the liver, ovary and oviduct of ducks resulting in the reduction in egg production.