Summary : The two-day workshop highlighted the importance of the agriculture sector in ASEAN. Despite its declining share in GDP, the sector remains crucial to development, especially when linked to the issue of inclusiveness and to reducing poverty of smallholders. The workshop also recognized that the AMS are currently in the different stages of economic development: from Vietnam’s phenomenal economic growth, Myanmar’s new vision for agricultural development, to the Philippines’ deviation from stylized facts of agricultural development. Likewise, the workshop focused on the issue that any long-term trade-offs need to be balanced with equity, efficiency, and sustainability.