Summary : Biofuels have been at the center of intense interest, discussion, and debate in recent years. The global biofuels boom began in 2004-2005 with the announcement by the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) of policies and incentives to support increased use of biofuels. However, Asia may miss an important opportunity if biofuels are rejected summarily. Asia continues to face significant challenges related to energy and environmental issues. More than half a billion Asians, mostly in poor communities, lack access to modern forms of energy. Throughout Asia, there are local opportunities for development of biofuels on a more decentralized, local level. It is imperative that key Asian stakeholders in the government and private sectors, as well as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and researchers carefully evaluate the sustainability prospects of different biofuels in Asia, assess international best practices that can help realize the full potential of biofuels, and design and implement the appropriate policies to enable their production and utilization in a sustainable manner.