Available

  Title: Determination of biological species of Ganoderma boninense (Pat.) and their pathogenic potential on oil palm (Elaeis Guineesis Jacq.) seedling.

Subject:

environmental studies oil palm : Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Ganoderma boninense (Pat.)

Tags (theses)


Author/s: Nelson

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


PR-T

2002

T - EnSt 13

SEARCA Library

TD

Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM),

February 2002

Malaysia :

A total of 5 Ganoderma isolates from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) hosts were used in the determination of Ganoderma boninense based on monokaryotic mating compatibilities. Ganoderma specimens collected from both oil palm and coconut hosts fell into 2 types; one was reddish brown with a varnished dorsal surface ('laccate') represented by isolates EGB-01, CN-L1 and CN-L2 and the other a dull brown non-varnished dorsal surface ('non laccate') represented by EG-NL and CN-NL. The isolate WD814 identified as G. boninense by the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFRRI) at Tsukuba, Japan, was included as an outgroup sample. The present study showed that based on sexual compatibilities of monosporus cultures obtained from a single fruitbody, the mating pattern of G.boninense was heterothallic and tetrapolar. The cultures fell into 4 distinct sex groups from which 4 monokaryon testers were successfully obtained. When tested for intergroup compatibilities, isolates CN-L1 and WD814 were compatible with EGB-01 whereas CN-L2, EG-NL and CN-NL were not. Thus, monokaryon compatibility crosses confirmed that although EGB-01, CN-L1 and WD814 were from oil palm, coconut and Livistona palm hosts respectively, they all belonged to the same biological species. This study concluded firstly, more than one species of laccate Ganoderma can be found on coconut stumps. Secondly, G. boninense isolated from oil palm and coconut stumps were pathogenic on oil palms. Thirdly, the non G. boninense specimens (EG-NL, CN-NL and CN-L2) were not pathogenic to oil palms.

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