Call Prefix : PR-T

Call Suffix : 2014

Call Cutter : D - Ento 29

Location : SEARCA Library

Format : TD

Publisher : University of the Philippines Los Banos,

Publication Date : April 2014

Publication Place : Laguna, Philippines :

Summary : Male Halictophagus fulmeki parasitized Idioscopus clypealis ( Lethierry), I. niveosparsus (Lethierry), and Bakera nigrobilineata (Melichar), but female parasitized only on I. clypealis. Superparasitism was observed on the two species of Idioscopus only. Female C. Philippines parasitized only I. niveosparus. The primary reproductive organ are affected by superparasitism and multiparasitism. The parasitoids can be called reproductive castrators of MHL. Superparasitism also affected the parasitoids. The presence of two or more females H. fulmeki on I. clypealis or C. Philippines on I. niveosparsus reduced in lower number of eggs or triungulins contained in a smaller ovisac. Multiparasitism was also observed between female H. fulmeki and female of another Halictophagus sp. Two unidentified strepsipterans species were collected during the study (February 2013 to January 2014, UP Los Baños campus). They were classified under the genus Halictophagus, based on the morphological character of extrusion and number of genital ducts in ovisac. Female Halictophagus sp. 1 together with female H. fulmeki was collected from a female I. clypealis. Halictophagus sp. 2 females were more numerous and were collected from B. nigrobilineata. Only H. fulmeki males were collected, suggesting that the two Halictophagus unknowns are pathogenic. Neotenic female H. fulmeki and C. Philippines were described. However, it is not very practical because of large financial requirements. To improve fishers' compliance in the study area there is a need to use other determinants of compliance such as morality and social influence factors. In Indonesia and the Philippines, enforcement institutions are not as well established as in Malaysia. Therefore, institutions of enforcement should be given priority in Indonesia and the Philippines. In Malaysia a fairly well developed enforcement institutions exists, thus in this case there is a need to enhance the scheme and implement enforcement more effectively. To improve compliance, fisheries management authorities should also explore alternative approaches for managing fisheries. One such approach is the co-management approach.