Call Prefix : PR-T

Call Suffix : 2025

Call Cutter : D - SoSc 41

Location : SEARCA Library

Format : Printed

Publisher : University of the Philippines Los Baños

Publication Date : 2025

Publication Place : College, Laguna

Summary : A controlled-release urea fertilizer (CRUF) was formulated using biodegradable cellulose acetate derived from water hyacinth (WHCAc) with citric acid as crosslinker, offering a promising alternative to conventional urea fertilizer. Cellulose was first isolated then modified to synthesize cellulose acetate before urea was effectively embedded in the matrix forming WHCAc-urea composite. Characterization was carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), confirming the successful isolation, synthesis, and incorporation of urea, and providing morphological details of the raw water hyacinth, isolated cellulose, cellulose acetate, and CRUF. Elemental analysis of the formulated CRUF indicated a nitrogen content of 20%, further verifying the successful incorporation of urea into the system. The CRUF was evaluated in terms of its nitrogen release behavior, effect on plant growth (height and stem diameter), yield (biomass), and nitrogen uptake. Furthermore, the Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) was evaluated through the Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen (AEN). Results showed that 100% CRUF achieved the highest nitrogen uptake at 0.34 g/plant. Interestingly, even at a reduced rate of 75% CRUF, nitrogen uptake (0.26 g/plant) remained higher than that of 100% conventional urea (0.22 g/plant), highlighting the improved efficiency of CRUF in meeting plant nitrogen demand. Additionally, CRUF demonstrated potential for reducing nitrogen loss to the environment due to its slow-release pattern, with only about 3.5% in 2 minutes and 17.5% in 24 hours compared to conventional urea which displayed a quick release with 45% within 2 minutes and almost 80% within 24 hours. The 100% and 75% CRUF rates showed the highest and statistically similar AEN (39.31 gig and 36.12 g/g), indicating superior NUE for biomass production compared to conventional urea (14.64 g/g). Notably, even at 50% CRUF, AEN (25.91 g/g) remained significantly higher than urea, further demonstrating efficient nitrogen utilization. While this study is preliminary, the results strongly suggest CRUF's potential to support both ecological management and improved agricultural performance.